Hydraulic System Won’t Build Pressure: What’s Really Going On

If your machine runs but won’t lift, push, or steer — chances are your hydraulic system isn’t building pressure. This isn’t always a pump failure. It’s often a valve, relief setting, or suction issue that’s robbing your flow.

Common Causes of No Pressure

  • Stuck open relief valve: Dumps fluid back to tank before pressure builds
  • Air in suction line: Prevents pump from drawing fluid efficiently
  • Clogged suction screen: Restricts flow to the pump inlet
  • Broken pump shaft or coupling: Engine spins, pump doesn’t turn
  • Spool valve failure: Blocked or bypassed flow path

How to Test It

  • Check pressure with a test gauge at main circuit
  • Look for frothy or aerated fluid in the tank
  • Use thermal imaging to spot non-moving fluid lines
  • Manually inspect pump shaft and suction side for obstructions

Fixes Based on Diagnosis

  • Adjust or replace stuck relief valve
  • Flush suction line and clean inlet screens
  • Rebuild or replace pump if mechanical damage is found
  • Repair or replace directional control valve section

Conclusion

When hydraulics stop producing pressure, don’t just swap the pump. Run a full diagnostic. Many “dead” systems are caused by relief valves or suction issues that are faster — and cheaper — to fix than replacing core components.

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